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    Equilibrium
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    The degree of ionisation of a 0·1M bromoacetic acid solution is 0·132. Calculate the pH of the solution and pKa of bromoacetic acid.
    The concentration of hydrogen ion,

        
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    The pH of 0.1 M monobasic acid is 4.50. Calculate the concentration of species H+, A– and HA at equilibrium. Also, determine the values of Ka and pKa of the monobasic acid. A and HA at equilibrium. Also, determine the values of Ka and pKa of the monobasic acid.




      
     
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    predict if the solutions of the following salts are neutral, acidic or basic : NaCl, KBr, NaCN, NH4NO3, NaNO2 and KF. 

    (i) NH4NO3 solution is acidic, as it is a salt of the strong acid and a weak base, having pH < 7.

    (ii) NaCN, NaNO2, KF solutions are basic, as they are salts of a strong base and a weak acid, having pH > 7.

    (iii) NaCl, KBr solutions are neutral, as they are the salts of a strong acid and strong base, having pH = 7.

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    The pH of 0.1 M solution of cyanic acid (HCNO) is 2.34. Calculate the ionisation constant of the acid and its degree of ionisation in the solution.





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    Derive an expression for the degree of hydrolysis of NH4Cl.

    Hydrolysis of NH4Cl can be represented as
        +   H2O         NH4OH    +       H+

    Initial conc.                    
       c                            0                      0


    Equilibrium conc .
                                           

                             

    Since  is very small as compared to unity,


            
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